gas naturalIs afossil fuel. with the other
fossil fuels
such asMoneymiPetroleum,
gas natural
Forms of plants, animals, and microorganisms that lived millions of years ago.
There are several theories to explain how
fossil fuels
they have the most shapeextendedThe theory is that they form under intense conditions underground. such as plants, animals and microorganisms.decompose, are gradually covered by layers of s
Petroleum
,Sediment, and sometimes skirt. For millions of years, theorganicthing isPill. During
organic
Matter penetrates deeper into the earth.Cortex, meets increasingly higher temperatures.
Combining
Compression
and the high temperature makescarbon bondsno
organic
break matter. This molecular breakdown createsthermogenic methane—
gas natural
.
methane
probably the most common
organic
compound on earth, it is made up of carbon and hydrogen (CH4).
gas natural
Deposits are often close
Petroleum
Templates. deposits of
gas natural
near the earth's surface are generally reduced by
Petroleum
Templates. Deeper deposits, formed at higher temperatures and under more pressure, have more
gas natural
was
Petroleum
. The deepest deposits can be pure
gas natural
.
gas natural
however, it does not have to form deep underground. It can also be formed by small microorganisms.methanogen.
methanogen
do not liveOffalfrom animals (including humans) and in low-oxygen areas near the earth's surface.landfills, for example, are full of decaying matter that
methanogen
breaks down into a kind
methane
To namebiogen
methane
. The process of
methanogen
To create
gas natural
(
methane
) is namedmethanogenic.
Although most
biogen
methane
huye a lathe atmosphere, new technologies are being developed to contain and harness this potential source of energy.
thermogenic
methane
-a
gas natural
formed in the depths of the earth's surface, even in which it can escape
the atmosphere
. Part of the gas may risepermeablematter, such as porous rock, and finallydispersionno
the atmosphere
.
However, most
thermogenic
methane
that rises to the surface meets very impressive geological formations
permeable
for him to escape These rock formations are calledSediment streams.
Sedimentary
pool
fall of huge reservoirs
gas natural
. To access these
gas natural
Deposits require a hole (sometimes called a well) to be drilled into the rock to allow gas to escape and be extracted.
Sedimentary
pool
rich and
gas natural
they are found all over the world. The deserts of Saudi Arabia, theNass zona tropicalof Venezuela and the FreezeArcticfrom the US state of Alaska are all sources
gas natural
. In the United States outside of Alaska, the basins are mostly near the states that border the Gulf of Mexico, including Texas and Louisiana. Recently, the northern states of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana have developed major drilling rigs.
sedimentary
pool
.
types of natural gas
gas natural
that is cheap to extract and easily accessible is considered “conventional”.conventional natural gasit's inside
permeable
things under me
permeable
Roche.
gas natural
found in other geological settings is not always as easy or practical to extract. This gas is called "unconventional". New technologies and processes are constantly being developed for this purpose.unconventional gasmore accessible and cheaperviable. Over time, gas that was considered “unconventional” may become conventional.
biogasis a type of gas that is produced when
organic
Caution
decomposed
without the presence of oxygen. This process is calledanaerobic decomposition, and it happens in
landfills
Or where
organic
materials such as animal waste,sewage water, or industrialby-productsdecay.
biogas
It is biological matter derived from plants or animals, which may be living or non-living. This material can be as forest residuesBurnedto create onerenewable energyThose.
biogas
contains less
methane
was
gas natural
, but it can be refined and used as a source of energy.
Deep Natural Gas
Deep natural gas is an unconventional gas. While most conventional gas is only a few thousand meters deep, deep natural gas is found in reservoirs at least 4,500 meters (15,000 feet) below the surface. Deep drilling for natural gas is not always economical, although techniques for extracting it have been developed and improved.
board
board
Gas is another type of unconventional reservoir.
board
it is a fine grainSedimentgesteinnot thatdecayin water. Some scientists say
board
are
permeable
that marble is considered "fluffy" by comparison. thick sheets of this im
permeable
The stone can "wall" a layer of it.
gas natural
among them.
board
The gas is considered an unconventional source due to the difficult processes required to access it:Hydraulic fracture(also know asfracking) and horizontal drilling.
fracking
is a process in which rock is broken up with a high pressure water jet and then covered with small pieces of sand, glass or similarsilica. This allows gas to flow more freely out of the well. Horizontal drilling is a process of drilling directly into the ground and then drilling laterally or parallel to the earth's surface.
compact gas
compact gas
it's a bit conventional
gas natural
trapped underground in an im
permeable
Rock formation that makes mining extremely difficult. Gas extraction from "dense" rock formations often requires expensive and difficult methods, such as
fracking
miacidulants.
acidulants
This is comparable to
fracking
. An acid (usuallyhydrochloric acid) is injected into the
gas natural
We will do it. The acid dissolves the solid rock that is blocking the flow of gas.
coal methane bed
coal seam
methane
It's a different kind of unconventional
gas natural
. As the name implies,
Kohlenbett
methane
It is commonly found along the seams.
Money
that run underground Historically, when
Money
was dismantled, the
gas natural
was deliberately ejected from the mine by
the atmosphere
as a waste product. Today,
Kohlenbett
methane
collected and is a popular source of energy.
clean gasolinegeopressure zones
Other unconventional source
gas natural
it is
geopressed areas
.
geopressed areas
It forms 3,000-7,600 meters (10,000-25,000 feet) below the earth's surface.
These zones form when layers of clay accumulate rapidly andcompacton more porous material such as sand or similarofficially. Because the
gas natural
is expelled
Pill
clay, is deposited in the sand at very high pressure,
officially
, or other absorbent material underneath.
geopressed areas
are very difficult to break down, but can contain a large amount of
gas natural
. In the United States most
geopressed areas
were found in the Gulf Coast region.
Methane hydrate
methane
Hydrate
are a different kind of unconventional
gas natural
.
methane
Hydrate
were recently discovered in the ocean
sediment
mipermafrostareas of
Arctic
.
methane
Hydrate
they form at low temperatures (around 0°C or 32°F) and under high pressure. If environmental conditions change,
methane
Hydrate
they are released in it
the atmosphere
.
United States Geological Survey (USGS) appreciates that
methane
Hydrate
could contain twice as much carbon as all the others
Money
,
Petroleum
and conventional
gas natural
not world, combined.
no ocean
sediment
,
methane
Hydrate
To form adecrease continentalAndbacteriaand other microorganisms sink to the bottom of the ocean and
decompose
no
officially
.
methane
, trapped in the
sediment
She has the ability to "cement" what comes loose.
sediment
in place and keep the continental shelf stable. However, as the water warms, the
methane
Hydrate
discrimination. Create underwater causesground slidesand actions
gas natural
.
no
permafrost
ecosystems,
methane
Hydrate
they form when bodies of water freeze and water molecules form individual "cages" around each other
methane
Molecule. Gas trapped in a network of frozen water is much denser than it would be in a gaseous state. When the ice cages thaw, the
methane
Get away.
global warming, the current period ofclimate change, affects the release of
methane
Hydrate
from both
permafrost
and ocean
Sediment
The law.
A large amount of potential energy is stored in it.
methane
Hydrate
. However, since these are geological formations so fragile that they can destroy and disturb the environmental conditions that surround them, the methods to extract them are developed with extreme caution.
drilling and transportation
gas natural
It is measured in standard cubic meters or standard cubic feet. In 2009, the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimated that this was proven.
gas natural
Reserves are approximately 6,289 trillion cubic feet (tcf).
Most of the reserves are in themiddle East, with 2,686 tcf in 2011, or 40% of total world reserves. Russia has the second largest amount of proven reserves with 1,680 tcf in 2011. The United States contains just over 4% of the world's reserves
gas natural
reservations <
According to the EIA, total world consumption is
gas natural
In 2010 it was 112,920 trillion cubic feet (bcf). That year, the United States consumed just over 24,000 bcf, more than any other nation.
gas natural
It is most commonly mined by vertical drilling of the earth's surface. From a single vertical well, the well is limited to the gas reserves it encounters.
Hydraulic fracture
, horizontal drilling, etc.
acidulants
They are processes to increase the amount of gas that a well can access and thus increase its productivity. However, these practices can have negative impacts on the environment.
Hydraulic fracture
, o
fracking
, is a process that fractures rock formations with high-pressure streams of water, chemicals, and sand. The sand opens up the rocks, allowing the gas to escape and be stored or transported. Yet,
fracking
requires large amounts of water, which can radically reduce water consumptionunderground waterand negatively affect aquatic habitats. The process produces highpoisonousand oftenradioactive wastewaterwhich can leak if mishandled andcontaminateunderground sources of drinking water,Hygieneand industrial and agricultural use.
Other than that,
fracking
can cause microearthquake. most of theseTrembleare too small to feel on the surface, but somegeologistsand environmentalists warn that earthquakes can cause structural damage to buildings or underground networks of pipes and cables.
Due to this negative environmental impact
fracking
it has been criticized and banned in some areas. in other areas,
fracking
Is alucrativeeconomic opportunity and providing a reliable source of energy.
Horizontal drilling is a way to increase the area of a well without creating multiple costly and environmentally sensitive well sites. After drilling directly from the surface of the earth, the drilling can be directed sideways, horizontally. This increases downhole productivity without the need for multiple surface drill sites.
acidulants
is a process of dissolving acidic components and inserting them into the
gas natural
Well, that dissolves the rock that might be blocking the flow of gas.
After
gas natural
When it is mined, it is most often transported through pipelines, which can range in diameter from 2 to 60 inches.
The continental United States has more than 210 pipeline systems consisting of 490,850 kilometers (305,000 miles) of transmission lines that carry gas to the 48 states. This system requires more than 1,400
Compressor
stations to guarantee gas transportation, 400 underground storage facilities, 11,000 locations to supply gas and 5,000 locations to receive gas.
gas natural
it can also be cooled to around -162 °C (-260 °F) and become a liquefied
gas natural
, oLNG. in liquid form,
gas natural
it occupies only 1/600 the volume of its gaseous state. It can be easily stored and transported in places without plumbing.
LNG
will be transported by a specialized insulated tank truck that transports the
LNG
i feel b
distribution
point it out if one of
LNG
it is vaporized, vented from the storage area, and used to feed the shipping barrel. America matters
LNG
from other countries, including Trinidad and Tobago and Qatar. However, the US is currently increasing theirs.
LNG
Production.
consume natural gas
despite
gas natural
it takes millions of years to evolve, its energy has only been harnessed in the last few thousand years. Around 500 B.C. Chinese engineers took advantage of it.
gas natural
Bamboo canes lick the ground. These pipes carried gas to heat the water. British companies supplied in the late 1700s
gas natural
to illuminate poles and houses.
Hoy,
gas natural
It is used in countless ways for industrial, commercial, residential, and transportation purposes. That estimates the US Department of Energy (DOE).
gas natural
can be up to 68 percent cheaper thanelectricity.
In residential homes, the most popular use for
gas natural
heat and cook. It is used to power appliances such as stoves, air conditioners, space heaters, outdoor lights, garage heaters, and clothes dryers.
gas natural
it is also used on a larger scale. In commercial settings like restaurants and shopping centers, it is an extremely efficient and cost-effective way to power water heaters, space heaters, dryers, and ranges.
gas natural
It is also used for heating, cooling and cooking in industrial settings. However, it is also used in a variety of processes, such as waste treatment, food processing, and the refining of metals, stones, clays, and oil.
gas natural
It can also be used as an alternative fuel for cars, buses, trucks, and other vehicles. Currently there are more than 5 million
gas natural
(GNV) worldwide and more than 150,000 in the United States.
Although CNG initially costs more than gasoline vehicles, it is cheaper to refuel and the cleanest vehicles in the world. gasoline andDiesel-Motor vehicles emit pollutants and
poisonous
substances includedArsenic, nickel and nitrogen oxides. On the contrary, CNG can emitProtocolamounts ofPropaneoButane, more free 70% lesscarbon monoxideno
the atmosphere
.
With the new technology offuel cells, the energy of
gas natural
also used for generating
electricity
. instead of burning
gas natural
for energy
fuel cells
To generate
electricity
with electrochemical reactions. These reactions produce water, heat and
electricity
without others
by-products
or emissions. Scientists are still investigating this manufacturing method.
electricity
apply it to electrical products at low cost.
Natural Gas and Environment
gas natural
it usually needs to be processed before it can be used. When extracting
gas natural
It can also contain a large number of elements and compounds.
methane
. . . . water, ethane,
Butane
,
Propane
, pentanes, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and occasionally helium and nitrogen may be present in a
gas natural
We will do it. used as energy
methane
processed and separated from the other components. The gas used in our homes to generate energy is almost pure.
methane
.
with the other
fossil fuels
,
gas natural
it can be burned for energy. It is actually the cleanest burning fuel, meaning very little is released
by-products
.
When
fossil fuels
when burned, they can release (or emit) various elements, compounds, and solid particles.
Money
mi
Petroleum
it is
fossil fuels
with very complex molecular formations and contain large amounts of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. When burned, they release large amounts of harmful emissions, including nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter, which accumulate in the atmosphere.
the atmosphere
and contribute to air pollution.
On the contrary, the
methane
no
gas natural
it has a simple molecular composition: CH4. When it burns, only carbon dioxide and water vapor are released. Humans exhale the same two components when we breathe.
Carbon dioxide and water vapor, along with other gases such asOzoneand nitrous oxide are known asGreenhouse gases. The increasing amounts of
Greenhouse gases
no
the atmosphere
They are linked
global warming
and can have devastating consequences for the environment.
although it burns
gas natural
still problems
Greenhouse gases
, emits almost 30% less CO2 than
Petroleum
, and 45 percent less CO2 than
Money
.
security
As with any mining activity, drilling is after
gas natural
may lead to leaks. When the drill encounters an unexpected pocket of high pressure
gas natural
, or the source is damaged or burst, the leak can immediately become dangerous.
why
gas natural
it vanishes so quickly into air that it doesn't always explode or burn. Leaks, however, are an environmental hazard that also includes mud leaks and the like.
Petroleum
around.
Se
Hydraulic fracture
was used to expand a well, the chemicals from this process can be used
contaminate
local aquatic habitats and drinking water containing highly radioactive materials. the undecided
methane
Aircraft shot into the air can also force people to leave the area temporarily.
Leaks can also appear slowly over time. Until the 1950smolten ironwas a popular choice for distribution piping, but it allows for much
gas natural
Get away. the
molten iron
Pipes are leaking after years of freeze-thaw cycles, heavy air traffic, and naturally shifting loads
Petroleum
.
methane
Leaks from these distribution pipelines account for more than 30 percent
methane
US emissions
gas natural
Sales area. Today, plumbing is made from a variety of metals and plastics to reduce leaks.
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natural gas consumers
from 2010,the latest date for which the US Energy Information Administration provides informationthese nations consumed more natural gas.
1. United States
2. Russia
3. Iran
4 China
5. Japan
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oracular infiltrations
Natural gas wells, where gas naturally bubbles to the surface, were revered as supernatural or spiritual sites by many ancient civilizations. One of the most famous infiltrations is located at the top of Mount Parnassus, near the city of Delphi, in Greece. Around 1000 B.C. In the fourth century B.C. C., religious and spiritual leaders built a temple with a priestess who could predict the future. Millions of people, from ordinary citizens to political and military leaders, have consulted the "Oracle of Delphi" for hundreds of years.
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Installation
The United States has 305,000 miles (490,850 kilometers) of interstate and intrastate pipelines to supply natural gas throughout the country.
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proven reserves
According to the US Energy Information Administration, these nations had the largest proven natural gas reserves in the world in 2011-2012.Data for some nations, including the United States, has not been calculated..
1. Russia
2. Iran
3. Qatar
4. Saudi Arabia
5. Turkmenistan
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What is that smell?
Raw natural gas is odorless. Companies that supply natural gas add an artificial odor to it so people know if there is a potentially dangerous leak. Most people recognize this as the "rotten egg" smell emanating from a gas stove or oven.